What does "dirty rain" refer to?

"Dirty rain" refers to precipitation that carries pollutants from the atmosphere to the surface, which often includes harmful substances such as heavy metals, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. As rain falls through the atmosphere, it can pick up these contaminants, which can then be deposited into bodies of water, onto soil, and even accumulate in ecosystems. This process contributes to water pollution and can have detrimental effects on aquatic life and water quality.

Rain that carries pollution into the ocean can significantly impact marine environments, leading to issues such as acidification, harmful algal blooms, and the contamination of drinking water sources. These environmental challenges underscore the importance of addressing air quality and managing emissions effectively to mitigate the effects of "dirty rain."